a. Definition of AC Generators
Generator is a tool that is capable of generating an electric current. one type of generator is an alternating current generator that will be discussed at this time. Alternating current generator function convert mechanical energy into electric power alternating current.
Alternating Current Generator is often referred to as an alternator or generator AC (alternating current) or synchronous generator also. This tool is often used in the industry to move the few machines that use electric current as a driving source.
Alternating current generator is divided into two types, namely:
a. Alternating current generator 1 phase
b. Alternating current generator 3 phase
b. Working Principle Generator
The basic principle of alternating-current generator using Faraday's law which states that if a bar of conductors that are in the magnetic field change, then the conductor will be formed electromotive force.
Large voltage generator depends on:
1. The rotation speed (N)
2. The amount of the cut wire on the coil flux (Z)
3. The amount of the magnetic flux generated by a magnetic field (f)
3. Construction Generator
Alternating current generator is composed of two major parts:
1. Stator, a silent part of a voltage generator that issued bolakbalik
2. The rotor, a moving part that generates the magnetic field to induce a stator.
The stator consists of a generator body made of steel that serves to protect the inside of the generator, and the terminal box on the generator nameplate. The stator core made of ferromagnetic material which is layered and there are grooves laid a stator winding. Stator windings which is a place to generate a voltage. Meanwhile, shaped rotor pole shoes (salient) or pole with equal air gap (rotor cylinder).
c. Total Pole on Generator
The number of poles alternating current generator depends on the rotor speed and frequency of the emf is raised. The relationship can be determined by the following equation.
F = p.n / 120
Information:
f = frequency voltage (Hz)
p = number of poles on the rotor
n = rotor speed (rpm)
d. electronic induction
Electromagnetic induction can be considered as the process of change in the mechanical energy (kinetic energy) into electrical energy. The process of change in the energy of this, with regard to the concept of magnetic flux
We begin by studying the magnetic flux and Faraday Huhum quantitatively.
1. Magnetic Flux
Magnetic flux is defined as the product of the magnetic induction component with a field
Faraday's law
Consider the following picture!
Lenz's Law:
"The direction of the induced current is such that the resulting magnetic field opposite to the magnetic field direction that causes the induced currents"
4. EMF induced in a conductor that is moved in a magnetic field
d. Application of Electromagnetic Induction Concepts
1. Dynamo / Generator AC
2. Generator DC
3. Transformatorm: The transformer is a device used to convert alternating voltage (AC) from high voltage to low voltage (Transformer Step -Down)
Step-Up transformer, converting low voltage to high voltage. Keja principle: There is a change of the magnetic flux in the primary coil, which produces the induced current in the secondary coil.
Transformer formula: V1 / V2 = N1 / N2, h = Ps / Pp x 100%, P = V. I.
AC charging system is the most widely used, both the charging system with a mechanical regulator (conventional) and the IC regulator.
Mechanical regulator charging system components consist of:
1. Alternator functioning transform mechanical energy into electrical energy. The electricity generated is an alternating current (AC), to convert AC current into DC current used diode mounted into one piece with the alternator.
2. The regulator serves to regulate the voltage and current generated alternator by regulating the magnetization in the alternator rotor. Regulators also serves to regulate the life and death of the charge indicator lights.
3. The fuse to cut off the electricity when the circuit is energized due to excessive short-circuit.
4. Key contacts to connect or disconnect the flow indicator lights to dank e regulator. The power to the regulator passed to the function to generate a magnetic alternator on alternator.
5. Batteries store electrical current and voltage stabilizer produced charging system.
ALTERNATOR
Alternator functioning transform mechanical energy into electrical energy. The electricity generated is an alternating current (AC), to convert AC current into DC current used diode mounted into one piece with Alternator.
Working Principle Alternator
When the DC generator a conductor formed "U", at the end of the conductor mounted commutator, the commutator brushes sticking. Brush "A" is a positive brush and brush "B" is negative brush, then the AC generator (alternator) both ends of the conductor is connected to the slip ring and brush type is not clear because of a changing according to the position conductor. When a conductor is rotated then the conductor will cut the magnetic field to produce an electromagnetic induction. The resulting current direction will change, at position (1) the current direction toward the brush "A", but in the position (2) the current direction changed towards brush "B". Such changes can be described in a sine wave function.
construction Alternator
In altenator there are 4 terminals, terminal B, E, F and N. Terminal B is an alternator output terminal which is connected to the battery, the load and the regulator terminal B. Terminal E was associated with a negative brush, body alternator and E terminal regulator. Terminal F associated with a positive brush and connected to the F terminal regulator, N terminal associated with neutral stator coil, when the alternator generates electricity then the N terminal also generates electricity, the electricity generated is passed to the terminal N N terminal regulator, to shut off the charging indicator light.
In the regulator there are 6 terminals have terminal B, E, F, N, IG and L. Four of the six terminal associated with the alternator terminal is B, E, F, N. Two other regulator terminal is terminal IG and L, relates to IG terminal contacts and lamps.
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